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Date Posted: 10:12:38 05/28/07 Mon
Author: allisson ester de paiva (informatio acquiring)
Subject: task three allisson paiva evening

FACULDADE DE LETRAS – FALE
PRODUÇÃO DE TEXTOS EM INGLÊS
PROFESSORA: ADRIANA TENUTA
ALUNO: ALLISSON ESTER DE PAIVA
TASK THREE: PROCESS ANALYSIS ESSAY




ACQUISITION SECOND LANGUAGE AS INFORMATION PROCESSING


“We are also interested in all kinds of learning, whether formal (as inside a classroom), planned and systematic or informal and unstructured (as when a new language is picked up in a community). Second language researchers have proposed a principled distinction between formal learning and informal acquisition.”
(Mitchell and Myles, 1998:2)



The distinction made above involved a lot of criticism between the scientists who discussed the dichotomy that exists concerning the way one absorbs a language. Nevertheless, both sides agree that a process or some process happen in order to make a learner become a speaker of the target language. Thus, the aim of this paper is to show a possibility which tries to explain how the brain acquires and adapts the input that it receives from outside.
Since the beginning of the century, many researchers tried to develop a theory which would come up with the explanation of how a second language is acquired by one individual which is not native of that target language. Especially through the eighties, some researches focused in how the input is absorbed by the brain, changed and modified into knowledge and produced as output. Gass (1988, 1997) stated that what links together the key elements of input, interaction and output is a series of cognitive acts, as you are about to see as follow.
First, just after one received the input, the apperception stage starts. In this stage, the concepts such as attention and information parsing take place so that the mind can cope with the massive amount of information.
Subsequently, we have the intake phase which would correspond to the assimilation of the old structures one has in mind with the new ones. Moreover, according to Gass this is the crucial moment when mind amalgamate existing information with the new input. At this part the knowledge becomes a newly formed piece of information. Furthermore, as proved by other authors (e.g. McLaughlin 1987, 1990; McLaughlin and Heredia 1996), at the same time there are two sub processes happening, which are automatisation and restructuring. The first one stands for the passage of information from the short-term memory to the long-term memory whereas the second one corresponds to the final change that is a result of the first one: a leaner that has the information controlled is able to use it fluently.
Finally, inside the restructuring sub process we are likely to observe the assimilation and accommodation. The former corresponds to the incorporation of knowledge and the latter one to the reforming of the old knowledge.

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