TASK 2 - LINDIANE -- EnglishtextsM

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Date Posted: 19:55:42 05/03/07 Thu
Author: Lindiane
Subject: TASK 2 - LINDIANE

The roles of rules on teaching pronunciation: grapheme X phoneme in the past tense of regular verbs

Lindiane I. Costa

In Portuguese or in Italian language, for example, people tend to pronounce a word in the past tense according to the written form. Taking the word �dream� in English as example, we have it in the simple past form as dreamed, in Italian as �ho sognato� (since it is in the first person) and in Portuguese as �sonhei�(in the first person too). However, the only difference among these words, beyond its origins, is the manner they are pronounced when this word is conversed to the past tense form. In the Italian language as in the Portuguese, �ho sognato� and �sonhei� are both pronounced the manner these words are written. Thus, they are directly pronounced according to their grapheme. However, in the English language, such direct correspondence between the written form and the pronunciation of a word in the past form can not be done. According to the rules of pronunciation in English, in the simple past form for regular verbs (word ending in ed) it is possible to find three manners of pronunciation that are /t/, /d/ and /id/.
Because of such rules Brazilians and Italian people may have trouble with the correct assimilation of the appropriate form of pronouncing a regular verb in the past tense. In this manner, teaching the rules to these students make them quite aware of the correct pronunciation and with so they are able to gain more confidence when they say the verbs in the past form. For this reason, students were tested before knowing the right rules of pronunciation of the verb in the past and they were also tested after the knowledge of such rules. Thus, students tested before knowing the rules were not able to pronounce correctly the verbs in the past tense. However, when they were informed about the rules such students became aware of the right pronunciation and they have also felt more confident about their pronunciation. The rules bellow were take from the site; http://www.sk.com.br/sk-_ed.html and they were exposed to the students.

The rules;

/t/ When the pronunciation of the infinitive ends with a voiceless consonant, the pronunciation of the _ed suffix will be /t/. Ex:
stop /stap/ - stopped /stapt/
work /wrk/ - worked /wrkt/
laugh /l�f/ - laughed /l�ft/
miss /mIs/ - missed /mIst/
cash /k�sh/ - cashed /k�sht/
watch /w�tsh/ - watched /w�tsht/

/d/ When the pronunciation of the infinitive ends in a vowel or voiced consonant, the pronunciation of the _ed suffix will be /d/. Ex:
( ' ) indicates beginning of stressed syllable

play /pley/ - played /pleyd/
grab /gr�b/ - grabbed /gr�bd/
brag /br�g/ - bragged /br�gd/
live /lIv/ - lived /lIvd/
use /yuwz/ - used /yuwzd/
engage /In'geydj/ - engaged /In'geydjd/
blame /bleym/ - blamed /bleymd/
listen /lIsn/ - listened /lIsnd/
control /kn'trowl/ - controlled /kn'trowld/
repair /riy'per/ - repaired /riy'perd/

/id/ When the pronunciation of the infinitive ends with an alveolar stop consonant � /d/ or /t/, � the pronunciation of the _ed suffix will be /d/. Ex:

need /niyd/ - needed /'niydd/
attend /'tend/ - attended /'tendd/
visit /'vIzt/ - visited /'vIztd/
create /kriy'eyt/ - created /kriy'eytd/
want /w�nt/ - wanted /'w�ntd/
print /prInt/ - printed /'prIntd/

In short, it was possible to recognize that the knowledge of the rules on teaching pronunciation of regular verbs in the past has an important role in the spelling of these verbs. Whereas Portuguese as spoken language corresponds to the written form, as Italian does too, in English this correspondence is not possible and that is the why English pronunciation seems to be more difficult. The tests performed with the students in the distinct days is the main point in which concerns the aim of this analysis. In the first day of the test the students were not conscious about the rule that they were suppose to use. Nevertheless the explanation of the rules given to the students in the second day; (test) made them able to recognize the appropriate voiced or unvoiced sound according to the rule of pronunciation of the regular verbs in the past tense.

References:

http://www.sk.com.br/sk-_ed.html

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