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Date Posted: 04:41:05 05/07/07 Mon
Author: Priscila
Subject: Peer editing to Francideia

Two approaches to present grammar.

One of the most important roles of a second or foreign language teacher is to introduce students to the grammar of a given language. Many linguists and language experts, concerned about the best way to teach a language, have developed different kinds of methodologies, so as to make language teaching and learning more effective and meaningful. Techniques and approaches to achieve an effective teaching of grammar can be basically classified into two main categories: the deductive and the inductive approaches.

The deductive approach, also known as rule-driven, consists of giving students the grammar rules of the item to be studied and to provide students with examples so that they can apply the rules. As Thornbury states in his book How to teach grammar, although the deductive approach has been generally associated with the Grammar-translation method it is important to stress that it is not necessarily dependent on translation. For instance, if the teacher is to introduce the Simple Present Tense, he/she explicitly gives the general rules, inform if the verbs are regular or irregular, teach how to make interrogative and negative sentences and then the students practice and produce the new language item without translating anything, just using the language or metalanguage.

On the other hand, the inductive approach, also known as discovery learning, consists of giving language samples and encouraging students to infer the rules applied in those samples and the rule’s generalization. It is usually associated with experiential methods such as the Natural Approach and the Direct Method, which intend to promote learning through experience, similarly to what happens in the process of first language acquisition. In order to achieve this objective, modeling, examples and realia are required. The principle underlying inductive learning, according to Pascal’s words, cited in Thornbury (51-52), is that people learn better if they experience and discover things by themselves rather than when things are readily given to them. It involves trial and errors, guidance and feedback from teacher to help them acquire a new grammatical item.

The deductive and the inductive approaches are two main tools the teacher can use when presenting a new grammatical item. Nowadays both are used, independently of the main methodology or approach behind teachers’ practice or text books. What is important to emphasize is that no single approach is the ideal one in all situations. It is up to the teacher to select the most appropriate and efficient approach, bearing in mind issues as the amount of time he/she has during the class, the kind of students who are being taught and the grammatical items themselves.

Francideia, your text is very well written, you presented your ideas clearly and the writing is coherent,for me everything seems to be very good,the only thing I could perceive is that as far as I remember, when you write the title of the book you should have it underlined,right?
Just to be sure I got your text well...is it a classification essay?
see ya,
Priscila

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