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Date Posted: Monday, November 29, 09:06:34pm
Author: A personal appeal from Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales 13 (number)
Subject:

Please read:==journo's at BIG Issue==educate yourselves.===do something in return for your paypacket.

Please read:
A personal appeal from
Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales 13 (number)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search
"Thirteen" redirects here. For other uses, see 13 (disambiguation).
This article may contain excessive, poor or irrelevant examples. You can improve the article by adding more descriptive text. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for further suggestions. (March 2010)
This article needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2008)
← 1214 →13
← 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 →

List of numbers — Integers

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 →

Cardinal thirteen
Ordinal 13th
(thirteenth)
Numeral system tredecimal
Factorization prime
Divisors 1, 13
Roman numeral XIII
Binary 11012
Octal 158
Duodecimal 1112
Hexadecimal D16
Look up thirteen in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 13 (number)

13 (thirteen) is the natural number after 12 and before 14. It is the smallest number with eight letters in its name spelled out in English. It is also the first of the teens – the numbers 13 through 19 – the ages of teenagers.

In speech, the numbers 13 and 30 aren't often confused. When carefully enunciated, they differ in which syllable is stressed: 13 /θərˈtiːn/ ( listen) vs. 30 /ˈθɜrti/. However, in dates such as 1300 ("thirteen hundred") or when contrasting numbers in the teens, such as 13, 14, 15, the stress shifts to the first syllable: 13 /ˈθɜrtiːn/.

Strikingly similar folkloric aspects of the number 13 have been noted in various cultures around the world: one theory is that this is due to the cultures employing lunar-solar calendars (there are approximately 12.41 lunations per solar year, and hence 12 "true months" plus a smaller, and often portentous, thirteenth month). This can be witnessed, for example, in the "Twelve Days of Christmas" of Western European tradition.[1]

Contents [hide]
1 In mathematics
1.1 List of basic calculations
2 In religion
2.1 Hinduism
2.2 Christianity
2.3 Sikhism
2.4 Judaism
2.5 Other
2.6 Unlucky 13
2.7 Lucky 13
3 Age 13
4 In sports
5 In other fields
6 References

[edit] In mathematics
The number 13 is the sixth prime number, and the smallest emirp (prime which is a different prime when reversed).[2] It is also a Fibonacci number.

Since 52 + 122 = 132, (5, 12, 13) forms a Pythagorean triple.

There are 13 Archimedean solids, and a standard torus can be sliced into 13 pieces with just 3 plane cuts.[2]

[edit] List of basic calculations
Multiplication 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 50 100 1000
13 26 39 52 65 78 91 104 117 130 143 156 169 182 195 208 221 234 247 260 273 286 299 312 325 650 1300 13000
Exponentiation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
13 169 2197 28561 371293 4826809 62748517 815730721 10604499373 137858491849 1792160394037 23298085122481 302875106592253
1 8192 1594323 67108864 1220703125 13060694016 96889010407 549755813888 2541865828329 10000000000000 34522712143931 106993205379072 302875106592253

[edit] In religion
[edit] Hinduism
On thirteenth day of death a feast is organized. It is believed to be organized for the peace of the departed soul. In Hindi (language spoken by the people of India) it is known as "Tehranvi". As per Hindu astrology, it is considered auspicious to name a baby girl on the 13th day after her birth.

[edit] Christianity
The apparitions of the Virgin of Fátima in 1917 were claimed to occur on the 13th of six consecutive months.[3]

[edit] Sikhism
According to famous Sakhi (Evidence) or story of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, when he was an accountant at a town of Sultanpur Lodhi, he was distributing grocery to people and when he gave groceries to the 13th person he stopped there because in Gurmukhi and Hindi the word 13 is called Terah, which means yours. And Guru Nanak kept on saying, "Yours, yours, yours..." remembering God. People reported to the emperor that Guru Nanak was giving out free food to the people. When treasures were checked, there was more money than before.

The Vaisakhi which commemorates the creation of "Khalsa" or pure Sikh was celebrated on April 13 for many years.

[edit] Judaism
In Judaism, 13 signifies the age at which a boy matures and becomes a Bar Mitzvah (Age of 12 for Girls, or Bat Mitzvah).
The number of principles of Jewish faith according to Maimonides
According to the Torah, God has 13 Attributes of Mercy
The number of circles, or "nodes", that make up Metatron's Cube in Kaballistic teachings.
[edit] Other
In Mesoamerican divination, 13 is the number of important cycles of fortune/misfortune (see Trecena).
13 is the age that a Pagan or Wiccan usually starts to learn Witchcraft.[dubious – discuss]
Traditionally, there are 13 witches in a Wiccan coven.[citation needed]
[edit] Unlucky 13
Main article: Triskaidekaphobia
The number 13 is associated with bad luck in some countries, and even has a specifically recognized phobia, Triskaidekaphobia, a word which was coined in 1911. Friday the 13th has been considered an unlucky day since the 1800s, as a combination between an unlucky day, Friday, and the number 13. Another theory as to why the date and number 13 is considered unlucky is that, on the day of Friday the 13th after the final Crusade the pope had sent out men to capture and burn alive the last 13 Knights Templar in order to put an end to the Crusades.

Another theory states that the number 13 is unlucky because, when in years where there were 13 full moons instead of 12, it made it difficult for the monks who were in charge of the calendars. "This was considered a very unfortunate circumstance, especially by the monks who had charge of the calendar of thirteen months for that year, and it upset the regular arrangement of church festivals. For this reason thirteen came to be considered an unlucky number."[4]

[edit] Lucky 13
See also: Lucky 13
In Sikhism, the number 13 is considered a special number since 13 is tera in Punjabi, which also means "yours" (as in, "I am yours, O Lord"). The legend goes that when Guru Nanak Dev was taking stock of items as part of his employment with a village merchant, he counted from 1 to 13 (in Punjabi) as one does normally; and thereafter he would just repeat "tera", since all items were God's creation. The merchant confronted Guru Nanak about this, but found everything to be in order after the inventory was checked. April 13 also usually turns out to be Vaisakhi every year, which is the Sikh New Year and the major Sikh Holiday.

Several successful sports figures have worn the number 13. Ozzie Guillén, manager of the 2005 World Series Champion Chicago White Sox, has worn the number throughout his baseball career. Alex Rodriguez began wearing it upon joining the New York Yankees (three, the number he had previously worn, is retired by the Bronx Bombers to honor Babe Ruth). Dan Marino, an American football player known for passing the 2nd most yards in NFL history, wore the number 13. Basketball great Wilt Chamberlain wore the number 13 on his jersey throughout his NBA career. Also, FIBA rules require a player to wear the number in international competitions (only numbers from 4 to 15 could be worn, and as there are 12 players, one must wear 13); Chris Mullin, who wore #20 in college and #17 in the NBA, wore #13 for both (1984 and 1992) of his Olympic appearances. Shaquille O'Neal wore #13 in 1996; Tim Duncan wore #13 in 2004. Steve Nash is currently wearing it for the Phoenix Suns. Yao Ming wore it in the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. Mats Sundin, Pavel Datsyuk, Bill Guerin, and Michael Cammalleri wear 13 in the NHL. One of Iceland's all time best handball players, Sigurður Sveinsson, wore the number 13 when he played for the national team. In association football, both Gerd Müller and Michael Ballack have favoured the number 13, among others.

In Italy, 13 is also considered to be a lucky number, although in Campania the expression 'tredici' (meaning 13) is said when one considers their luck to have turned for the worse.

Colgate University also considers 13 to be a lucky number. They were founded in 1819 by 13 men with 13 dollars, 13 prayers, and 13 articles. (To this day, members of the Colgate community consider the number 13 a good omen.) In fact, the campus address is 13 Oak Drive in Hamilton, NY and the all men a cappella group is called the Colgate 13.

In the Mayan Tzolk'in calender, trecenas mark cycles of 13 day periods. The pyramids are also set up in 9 steps divided into 7 days and 6 nights, 13 days total.

[edit] Age 13
It is at this point that a person becomes a teenager.
In the US youngest age a minor can watch a PG-13 rated movie by the MPAA without the recommendation of parental guidance or parental consent.
Youngest age a minor can rent or purchase a T rated game by the ESRB without parental (age 18 or older) consent.
[edit] In sports
There are 13 players in a rugby league team.

[edit] In other fields
This section needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2007)

Cards in a suit.
The number of colonies that formed the United States. The original flag had thirteen stars, one for each state. New stars have since been added whenever a new state joins the union, but the idea of adding stripes for new states was soon dropped, so the American flag to this day has thirteen horizontal stripes: six white ones and seven red ones.
The number of guns in a gun salute to U.S. Army, Air Force and Marine Corps Major Generals, and Navy and Coast Guard Rear Admirals Upper Half.
The number of steps in the gallows.
The number of loaves in a "baker's dozen"
Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon with the 13th Legion, marking the beginning of Caesar's civil war and the eventual death of the Roman Republic.
In some countries, the number 13 is considered unlucky and building owners will sometimes purposefully omit a floor or suite so numbered.[5] The fear of the number 13 is called Triskaidekaphobia.
Trece is the Spanish word for thirteen; the number 13 is used to identify members of 13th Sureños – chicano gang members in the U.S. that identify themselves with la Eme – the Mexican Mafia.
13 steps is a paragraph of the Final Document (agreed by consensus) of the 2000 Review Conference of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
Apollo 13 was the only unsuccessful mission by the United States of America intended to land humans on the moon. The mission launched on April 11, 1970 at 13:13 CST. The explosion of an oxygen tank on April 13, 1970 caused severe problems before the astronauts were able to return to Earth.
The main character in the manga Black Cat, Train Heartnet, has the Roman numeral thirteen on his chest.
Jason Robert Brown's most recent Broadway musical, Thirteen (13), stars a cast of 13 teenagers.
Thirteen, stylised as Th13teen, is a steel roller-coaster at Alton Towers theme park in England. The name is a play on superstition around the number, as the ride contains a surprise element, unique from any other coaster in the world.
[edit] References
1.^ Frazier, King of the Bean, and the Festival of Fools. Cited in Thompson, Tok. 2002. The thirteenth number: Then, there/ here and now. 'Studia Mythological Slavica 5, 145-159.
2.^ a b Wells, D. The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers, London: Penguin Group. (1987): 67-71.
3.^ Rosemary Guiley, The Guinness Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits, 1994, p. 215, ISBN 0851127487.
4.^ http://news.yahoo.com/s/space/20101119/sc_space/thereallystrangestorybehindsundaysbluemoon
5.^ Fleischman, Sid (August 19, 2007). "The 13th Floor: A Ghost Story". The Washington Post Company. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/18/AR2007081800890.html. Retrieved 2008-07-26.

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