Government Sets Off Bolivian Exodus -- PAPUA NEW GUINEA PHYSICS FORUM

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Date Posted: 20:03:43 10/19/12 Fri
Author: Daniel Bush
Subject: Government Sets Off Bolivian Exodus

Jewish Telegraphic Agency
May 01, 2008
La Paz, Bolivia

More than any other single event in recent years, the future of Bolivian Jewry may be determined by the outcome of the country's upcoming national referendum on a new constitution.

The proposed constitution calling for increased state control of private-sector enterprise is being fiercely opposed by many middle- and upper-class Bolivians, including the country's Jews.

Four of Bolivia's wealthiest provinces have launched autonomous movements in response to the proposal. The referendum is scheduled for May 4.

Bolivia's Jewish community has shrunk considerably in the past decade. Young Jews are seeking larger Jewish communities, and both old and young have left to find professional opportunities unrestricted by the policies of Evo Morales, the socialist who became Bolivia's president in 2005.

Morales, Bolivia's first indigenous president, is staunchly anti-American, and has endorsed Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez's call for an anti-American "axis of good" comprised of Bolivia, Venezuela and Cuba.

Ricardo Udler -- president of the Israeli Circle of La Paz, the country's main Jewish organization -- said Bolivian Jews are increasingly uncomfortable about the direction this nation of 9 million is taking under Morales.

"Since Evo was elected, there's been a radical change," said Udler. Though there is no overt anti-Semitism in Bolivia, he added, Bolivia's approximately 350 Jews feel threatened by Morales' close ties with Chavez and his growing relationship with Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.

"Things could get worse for Jews in Bolivia," he warned.

Fearing State Control
Since Morales took office, the Jewish population of La Paz -- Bolivia's capital and home to its largest Jewish community -- has fallen by some 10 percent. That has a significant impact on a community of approximately 180.

Bolivia's Jews find themselves in a predicament not unlike Jews in South America's socialist leader, Venezuela, which has lost nearly half its Jews since Chavez took power. As in Venezuela, Jews in Bolivia fear increased state control of their businesses and lives.

Morales' increasingly close relationship with Iran hasn't helped. On a September visit to Bolivia, Ahmadinejad pledged to invest $5 billion in the country over the next five years, including in the natural gas and oil industries.

Those industries already receive support from Chavez. The Morales administration also has announced the possibility of Iran opening an embassy in La Paz. Due to these developments, said Bolivian Jewish businessman Joe Epelbaum, "a lot of Jews are planning to leave."

"This is a fast-shrinking community," he added.

The upturn in Jewish emigration from Bolivia represents a surprising reversal for a country that during World War II was among the few in South America that offered visas to Jews fleeing Europe. Jewish immigrants settled in La Paz, as well as the cities of Cochabamba and Santa Cruz, establishing communities that thrived in the postwar years.

During the 1950s, La Paz had between 12,000 and 15,000 Jews, according to Udler.

Harald Schoengut, president of the Israeli Association of Cochabamba, said that his city's Jewish population reached 2,000 half a century ago. About 110 Jews now live there.

In La Paz, some two dozen Jews recently attended Shabbat services at the Israeli Circle of La Paz building on a Friday evening. At a dinner later that night attended by about the same number of people, the host noted with chagrin that one-tenth of La Paz's once-booming Jewish community could fit under a single roof.

Most of those leaving the nation are third-generation Bolivian Jews seeking better educational and professional opportunities in the United States, Israel and Europe.

The professionally and socially driven emigration of Bolivia's younger Jews -- coupled with the politically driven emigration of its more established members -- means the days of Bolivian Jewry are numbered, said Udler.

"In the next 10 to 20 years," he said, "there will be no more Jews in Bolivia."

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