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| Subject: issue 446 BonJovi effective(posted Thursday 21/11/2013) Friday 22/11/2013 to Thursday 5/12/2013 | |
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] Date Posted: 12:28:30 11/25/13 Mon Neologism From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search A neologism (lógos), meaning "speech, utterance") is a newly coined term, word, or phrase, that may be in the process of entering common use, but has not yet been accepted into mainstream language.[1][2] Neologisms are often directly attributable to a specific person, publication, period, or event. a "new word", or the act of creating a new word) is a synonym for it. The term neologism is first attested in English in 1772, borrowed from French néologisme (1734).[3] A neologism may also be a new usage of an existing word,[4][5] sometimes called a semantic extension.[6][7] Cf. idiolect. In psychiatry, the term neologism is used to describe the use of words that have meaning only to the person who uses them, independent of their common meaning.[8] This tendency is considered normal in children, but in adults can be a symptom of psychopathy[9] or a thought disorder (indicative of a psychotic mental illness, such as schizophrenia).[10] People with autism also may create neologisms.[11] Additionally, use of neologisms may be related to aphasia acquired after brain damage resulting from a stroke or head injury.[12] In theology, a neologism is a relatively new doctrine (for example, Transcendentalism). In this sense, a neologist is one who proposes either a new doctrine or a new interpretation of source material such as religious texts.[13] Contents [hide] 1 From literature 2 List of neologisms 2.1 Science and technology 2.2 Science fiction 2.3 Politics 2.4 Design 2.5 Popular culture 2.6 Commerce and advertising 2.7 Linguistics 2.8 Other 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External links From literature[edit] This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2013) Neologisms may come from popular literature in different forms. Sometimes, they are simply taken from a word used in the narrative of a book; a few representative examples are: "grok" (to achieve complete intuitive understanding), from Stranger in a Strange Land by Robert A. Heinlein; "McJob," from Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture by Douglas Coupland; "cyberspace," from Neuromancer by William Gibson; "nymphet" from Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov. Other times the title of a book becomes the neologism, for instance, Catch-22 (from the title of Joseph Heller's novel). Alternatively, the author's name may become the neologism, although the term is sometimes based on only one work of that author. This includes such words as "Orwellian" (from George Orwell, referring to his novel Nineteen Eighty-Four), "Kafkaesque" (from Franz Kafka, author and philosopher most renowned for The Metamorphosis) and "Ballardesque" or "Ballardian" (from J.G. Ballard, author of Crash). The word "sadistic" is derived from the cruel sexual practices Marquis de Sade described in his novels. Kurt Vonnegut's Cat's Cradle was the container of the Bokononism family of nonce words. Another category is words derived from famous characters in literature, such as quixotic (referring to the titular character in Don Quixote de la Mancha by Cervantes), a scrooge (from the main character in Dickens's A Christmas Carol), or a pollyanna (from Eleanor H. Porter's book of the same name). James Joyce's Finnegans Wake, composed in a uniquely complex linguistic style, coined the words monomyth and quark. List of neologisms[edit]Science and technology[edit]X-ray, or röntgenograph (November 8, 1895, by Röntgen) radar (1941) from Radio Detection And Ranging laser (1960) from Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation black hole (1968) meme (1976) prion (1982) beetle bank (early 1990s) grep (1970s) lidar (late 90s) from Light Detection And Ranging Internet (1974) translational research (early 1990s) Taser (1980s) from Thomas A. Swift's Electric Rifle photoshop, as a verb meaning digital photo manipulation friend, as a verb meaning to add another user as a friend on a social networking service like Facebook Google often used as verb for searching on internet, primarily through Google Search Engine Science fiction[edit]beaming (1931) hyperspace (1934) robotics (1941) waldo (1942) Dyson sphere (circa 1960) ansible (1966) phaser (1966) warp speed (1966) ringworld (1971) lightsaber (1977) replicant (1982) cyberspace (1984) xenocide (1991) metaverse (1992) alien space bats (1998) Politics[edit]See also: Category:Political neologisms carpetbagging (19th century) Gerrymandering (1812) Dixiecrat (1948) Genocide (1944, by Raphael Lemkin to define Nazi war crimes) meritocracy (1958) pro-life (1961) homophobia (1969) political correctness (1970) Californication (1970s) pro-choice (1975) heterosexism (1979) glocalisation (1980s) sie and hir (pronouns) (1981) Republicrat (1985) astroturfing (1986) dog-whistle politics (1990) Islamophobia (1991) soccer mom (1992) red state/blue state/swing state (c. 2000) corporatocracy (2000s) Islamofascism (2001) Chindia (2004) NASCAR dad (2004) Saddlebacking (2009) Corporacracy (2001) omnishambles (2012) Chapulling (2013) 3Ds (1993) {Dirty, Dangerous and Demeaning work} Design[edit]Bauhaus (early 20th century) blobject (1990s) starchitect (late 1990s) Popular culture[edit]These may be considered a variety of slang. moin (early 20th century) prequel (1958) jumping the shark (late 1970s) posterized (c. 1980s) ("posterize" also has existed for some time as a term for an image-editing technique; its neologistic sports usage is completely unrelated) queercore (mid-1980s) plus-size (1990s) blog (late 1990s) chav (early 2000s) webinar (early 2000s) wardrobe malfunction (2004) truthiness (2005) (already existed as an obscure word previously recorded by the Oxford English Dictionary, but its 2005 usage on the Colbert Report was a neologistic one, with a new definition) fauxhawk (early 2000s) Brangelina (2005) – used to refer to supercouple Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie Tebowing (2011) – description of a prayerful victory stance derived from NFL quarterback Tim Tebow d'oh and cromulent, many culturally significant phrases from The Simpsons (1989–) are in common use Indie (late 1990s)[citation needed] Commerce and advertising[edit]See also: List of generic and genericized trademarks These neologisms are genericised trademarks. aspirin hoover laundromat band-aid kleenex frisbee xerox Tupperware Post-It Linguistics[edit]retronym (popularized in 1980) backronym (1983) Typoglycemia (Matt Davis of Cambridge University 2003) aptronym (2003; popularized by Franklin Pierce Adams) snowclone (2004) protologism (2005) Other[edit]Thanksgivukkah, a portmanteau neologism given to the convergence of the American holiday of Thanksgiving and the first day of the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah on Thursday, November 28, 2013.[14][15] nonce words, words coined and used only for a particular occasion, usually for a special literary effect. See also[edit]Archaism Aureation Language planning Mondegreen Retronym Syllabic abbreviations Word formation Notes[edit] [ Next Thread | Previous Thread | Next Message | Previous Message ] |