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>>Ruyter >> >>Exactly, that's the purpose of the fighting >>instructions issued by the Generals at Sea in 1653. To >>try and make the English fleet fight in a line ahead. >>However this was a very loose formation, as evidenced >>by later orders to prevent ships firing through their >>own sides vessels who were closer to the enemy. >> >>I have never been convinced by the theory that Tromp >>used a line of battle against the Spanish, especially >>as he was still using swarm and board tactics 15 years >>later. >> >>Cy > >Yes, it is hard to accept that Tromp used line tactics >against the Spanish, but we must understand that he >was in great numerical inferiority in the two >engagement before the Battle of the Downs, in 1639. >Boarding wasn't an option when you had 11 ships >against 70 galleons, full of Spanish soldiers.

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