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Subject: 柏拉圖主義


Author:
柏拉圖主義
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Date Posted: 05:06:01 12/01/02 Sun

柏拉圖主義,同樣認為世間萬物為完美理形的不完美複製品,而理形深植於人類心智之中,因此藉由探索內心,可以獲得完美知識。

新柏拉圖主義是對柏拉圖主義的強烈闡發。它有若干重要觀念:

1.表面可見的現象都是真實的影像而已。真實存諸先驗世界。

2.人這一生最重要的事就是去捕捉真實,超越一切經驗世界可感受到的事物。這過程稱之為理性。這觀念的最激烈化,就是理性(追求先驗的思維與方法)與經驗(感官世界的一切現象)的分裂,當基督教受此觀念影響後,就導致「聖 —俗」「靈—肉」的二元對立。

3.世界上最重要的人是哲學家。因為他天賦異秉,有能力去超越感官世界理解先驗世界。哲學是在追憶先驗的意識統一與理念,所謂的神,就是宇宙的理性智力,由其產生先驗的完善與秩序。

4.超越俗世感官、達致真正的認識的最高境界,就是追求神人合一。

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