| Subject: #106 - 112 |
Author:
Isidro Garcia
|
[
Next Thread |
Previous Thread |
Next Message |
Previous Message
]
Date Posted: 22:34:21 05/19/02 Sun
In reply to:
Dylan
's message, "ID Stuff" on 08:09:51 05/11/02 Sat
106. Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) – a leftist rebel group in Nicaragua founded by radicalized urban students in the 1970’s. The Sandinistas, as they are often called, were inspired by Fidel Castro and Augusto Sandino who called for socioeconomic and political reforms along with no U.S. intervention. They were supported by the church and had the bourgeoisie as allies calling for “popular democracy.” In 1979, they succeeded in overthrowing the Somoza family’s dynastic dictatorship that had been under huge U.S. influences since the 1930’s. After their victory, they turned rebels into political leaders and remained a strong political force.
107. FMLN – (Farabundo Marti National Liberation) A Five-Guerrilla movement in El Salvador composed of radicalized university students and Christian groups inspired by Christian Democrats. The group follows the ideas of Farabundo Marti, a 1930’s communist rebel leader. Formed in the 1980’s and led by Commander Villalobos, it expanded its area of influence and waged a 12-year civil war that ended in 1992 with peace negotiations.
108. MRTA – (Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement) A Peruvian Marxist-Leninist revolutionary movement formed in 1984 by organizations from the radical left. Its activities include bombings, kidnappings, ambushes and assassinations. In December 1996, an MRTA group took over the Japanese Ambassador's residence in Lima during a diplomatic reception, capturing hundreds of hostages. In April 1997, Peruvian special forces launched a raid on the embassy and liberated the remaining hostages and killed all 14 MRTA militants, including the group's leader, Nestor Cerpa. The group’s objective is to rid Peru of imperialism. During the 1990s, it has suffered from defections and government counter-terrorism, in addition to loss of leftist support.
109. EZLN (Zapatistas) – (Zapatista National Liberation Army) A movement of natives formed between 1980 and 1994. This guerrilla emerged from the Lacandón Jungle of Chiapas, Mexico on New Year’s 1994, the day that NAFTA went into effect. The PRI government confined Zapatistas, natives of the region, to reservations in the jungle and had proclaimed the rest of the jungle to be a biological reserve. Under the regional leadership of Sub-Comandante Marcos, this group is motivated by identity, socioeconomic and land reform, and Indian Rights. They recur to the use of politics and democracy more than violence. They have won the sympathy of the Mexican nation.
110. “red-green” alliances – (red = laborers, green = peasantry) Worker-Peasant coalitions forged by common grievances and class interests. Red-green alliances have supported revolutions sometimes, but have also failed because the two groups often stand in opposition. These alliances provide for the success of revolution, but they do not necessarily guarantee success. For example, in Nicaragua, the red-green alliance provided the revolution with a strong popular base and defined the political agenda along social-class lines.
111. Fernando Henrique Cardoso – Brazilian president. As an early academic sociologist, he became a target of Brazil’s military dictatorship and was stripped of political rights. After being exiled in Chile and France, he became a senator in his country in 1983. He contributed to the Constitution of 1988. In 1994, Cardoso won the presidential election. He is concerned with the wide income disparity in Brazil. He believes in privatizing Brazil's state-run monopolies. Also, he has continued to promote economic reform and has also presented to congress proposals to protect human rights from abuse by Brazil's notorious police force.
112. Arturo Alessandri – Chilean activist president (1920-25, 1932-38) who pressed for change despite congressional inaction and opposition. He resigned due to pressure and handed the country’s leadership to a military junta in 1924; it was the first time military men governed the nation. He returned in 1925 after a national movement called for his return. Alessandri adopted the 1925 Constitution expecting the power of the president to increase. During his second administration he successfully brought his nation out of depression. His son, Jorge Alessandri, became Chilean President in 1958.
[
Next Thread |
Previous Thread |
Next Message |
Previous Message
]
| |
Feedback: 