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Subject: #246-252 Author: Irma Rangel [ Next Thread | Previous Thread | Next Message | Previous Message ] Date Posted: 18:29:08 05/20/02 Mon #246 camarillas: The division Mexican elite into multiple competing cliques or camarillas. Candidates formed camarillas or independent networks to advance their own interests in the succession struggle and destroy each other. PRI politicians formed these cliques around fast-rising or well-positioned politicians and when a politician rose to power via a presidential appointment, he brought all the members of his team with him. #247 PNR National Revolutionary Party: The PNR was created by Plutarco Elias Calles, president between 1924 and 1928. It eventually became the PRI. #248 PMR Party of the Mexican Revolution: Cardenas reorganised the PNR in 1938 to form the PMR. Cardenas (1934-40) organized the official party on functional rather than regional lines, laying the foundation for today's conservative regime. #249 PRI In 1945 the PMR was renamed the PRI. For many years sustained economic growth ensured the PRI a high degree of popular support. A corporatist system was developed as the regime co-opted any potential opponents such as the labour and peasant movements. When it considered it necessary, the PRI resorted to electoral fraud in order to ensure an absolute monopoly of power. The PRI held power for 71 years before losing the 2000 presidential election to the PAN. Most of the PRI's voter base comes from beneficiaries of one party rule and those with the least knowledge of politics. #250 PRD The PRD was formed in 1989 by the groups that had supported Cardenas's presidential bid in 1988. The PRD is similar to a social democratic party. When Cardenas won the governorship of Mexico City with ease in 1997, the PRD became the second most important force in Congress. The party diversified its base by embracing disaffected PRI members, wresting from its control states that had previously been considered impregnable. The PRD made important gains by opposing almost any measure proposed by the government. #251 PAN National Action Party: The election of Vicente Fox of the PAN as president in July 2000 signified the start of a new era in Mexico's political life. The PAN was founded in 1939, has acted as a Christian democratic party, and has built up a support base mainly in northern and central state, among the urban middle classes, and the more affluent, educated, and religious voters. #252 Tlatelolco massacre On October 2, 1968, a student demonstration was shot upon by the Mexican army and police in La Plaza de las Tres Culturas at Tlatelolco, killing and wounding hundreds of people and stunning the country. The massacre occurred after an increasingly hard-line response from the Diaz Ordaz regime after months of nation-wide student strikes. A cover-up ensued that blamed the President's security forces and extremist and Communist agitators. It stands as a beginning point to when the pact between the government and the people began to come apart and the beginning of Mexico's extended political crisis. [ Next Thread | Previous Thread | Next Message | Previous Message ]