Ch28 - All My Sections -- The Girls' Third Period AP US History Notes

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Date Posted: 19:09:18 03/04/03 Tue
Author: jo-dan
Subject: Ch28 - All My Sections

I. The Failure of Potsdam
A. Truman�s �Get Tough� Policy
i. Truman considered Stalin�s agreements w/ the US at Yalta to be solemn
a. as a result, Truman believes the US should insist that the soviets honor them
ii. despite how much Truman wanted Stalin to follow the agreements at Yalta, he didn�t have much leverage the make the Soviets carry out its agreements
a. this is b/c Russian forces had already occupied Poland and much of the rest of Central and Eastern Europe
b. Germany was already divided
c. the US was still engaged in war w/ the pacific and was neither willing nor able to enter conflict in Europe
iii. Truman wanted 85% of the land he wanted, but settled for much less
a. he conceded on Poland and recognized the non-communist Warsaw government
b. to settle the question of Germany, Truman met in Potsdam (Russian occupied Germany) w/ Churchill and Stalin
- Churchill was soon replaced by Attlee, who was far too inexperienced)
- Truman accepted Stalin�s adjustments of the Polish-German border
- Truman refused, however, to let the Russians claim land from American, French or British zones of Germany
-- Germany remained divided

I. Reevaluating Cold War Policy
A. the year 1949 propelled the Cold War in New Directions
i. Sept � the soviet union exploded its first atomic bomb much sooner than predicted
ii. last months of 1949 � Chiang Kai-shek�s nationalist government collapses
a. he fled to an offshore island of Taiwan
b. as a result, china went under communist control
c. the US refused to recognize the new communist regime
- instead the US increased attention on the revitalization of Japan and ended its occupation in 1952
B. National Security Council report in 1950 (AKA NSC-68)
i. outlined a shift in the American position
ii. The Truman Doctrine Speech
a. George Kennan makes the containment doctrine speech outlining distinctions between areas of vital interest to the US and areas of less importance to the nation�s foreign policy
b. the doctrine also called on America to share the burden of containment w/ its allies
iii. the report argued that the US could no longer rely on other nations to take initiative and stop communism
a. it also stated that the US must move to stop communism on matter what the value of the land is
b. the report also called for major American military expansion w/ a defense budget of four times its previous figures

I. Fair Deal Rejected
A. Truman�s �Fair Deal�
i. a 21 point domestic program outlining what he later called the �fair deal�
a. the program included: social security benefits, raising of the minimum wage from 40 to 65 cents, a permanent Fair Employment Practices Act, and most important: national health insurance
- once deferred in 1935 when the Social Security Act was written, but still supported by welfare-state liberals
b. the new deal fell victim to the new Republican Congress, which chipped away the �fair deal� plan
- after congress denied the new deal, vetoes by the President had forced a more progressive bill
B. The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 (AKA The Labor-Management Relations Act)
i. made illegal the so called �closed shop,� although it permitted the creation of union shops (where once hired, the worker had to join a union)
- it permitted states to pass �right-to-work� laws
- also empowered the president to call for a �cooling off� period before any strike by issuing an injunction against any work stoppage that endangered national safety or health
ii. Section 14(b) was the repeal of this act
a. outraged workers called it a �slave-labor bill�
iii. Truman vetoed it, but it was easily overruled by both houses
iv. the Taft-Hartley Act did not destroy the labor movement, as many union leader predicted
a. it did, however, weaken unions in lightly organized industries like chemicals and textiles
b. it made organizing union for those who had never been in one (i.e. women, minorities, and most southern workers)

I. The Divided Peninsula
A. after 1945, US and Soviet military were left in South and North Korea
i. the Soviets left North Korea in 1949 and left behind a communist government
ii. the US left shortly after leaving Syngman Rhee, an anti-communist, to run the South
a. he had a small military and a general weak presence in the south
B. in 1950, the communists in North Korea invaded south Korea
i. in July of that year, Truman sent US troops to South Korea and appealed to the UN to intervene
ii. at the time, the Soviet Union was boycotting the Security Council so it was unable to exercise its veto rights
a. as a result, the US convinced the UN to help Rhee�s government in South Korea
iii. the intervention in Korea was the first use of NSC-68
a. the administration, however, went beyond NSC-86 and decided that there should not only be a containment effort, but a �liberation� effort as well
b. when the UN gained territory on the communists of the north and drove them across the 38th Parallel (the line on the earth that distinguished North and South Korea),
- troops were then given permission to pursue the communists into their own territory

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