All of Jordan's Ch30 Sections -- The Girls' Third Period AP US History Notes

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Date Posted: 16:49:31 03/11/03 Tue
Author: *MWAH*
Subject: All of Jordan's Ch30 Sections

I. The New Economics
A. Keynesian Economics
i. by varying the flow of government spending, and taxation (fiscal policy) and managing the supply of currency (monetary policy), the government could stimulate the economy to cure recession and dampen growth to prevent inflation
a. first introduced in the 1920s by British economist John Maynard Keynes
b. Keynesian economics became increasingly popular among college students studying to become economists with the book, Economics, by Paul Samuelson
c. this form of economics got rid of the nation�s current boom-and-bust cycle
ii. when a recession began in 1953, Secretary of Treasury George M. Humphrey and the Federal Reserve Board used Keynesian tactics to quickly dispel the recession
a. however, in 1957, a more serious recession began and Eisenhower ignored Keynesian tactics and used deflation tactics instead like cutting the budget
- the slow recovery of finances in the US seemed to further support Keynesian economics
- Keynesian economics finally was passed in 1963
B. Ending poverty through Economic growth
i. the new era saw economic growth like never before
a. by the mid 1950s, reformers concerned about economic deprivation were arguing that if the nation raised the level of abundance, the poor would rise up as well to a level of comfort and decency

I. Postwar Computer Technology
A. UNIVAC
i. the first official computer was the Universal Automatic Computer or UNIVAC
a. it was the first computer able to handle both alphabetical and numerical information easily
b. Remington Rand, the makers of UNIVAC, used it to predict the results of the 1952 elections (it predicted in favor of Eisenhower)
ii. by the mid 1950s, International Business Machines (IBM) introduced the first major data processing computers and sold them to businesses in America and abroad

I. Consumer Culture
A. the 1950s saw a growing absorption in consumer goods
i. it was the result of increased prosperity, increased product variety, increase in advertiser�s sense of what the public wanted, and the increase in consumer credit
a. consumer credit rose 800% between 1947 and 1957 through credit cards, revolving charge accounts, and easy payment plans
B. Consumer Crazes
i. the hula hoop
ii. Disney, Mickey Mouse Club, Mickey Mouse products, Disneyland

I. The Inner Cities
A. as white families moved out of cities and into newer suburbs, minorities moved into the inner cities or �ghettos�
i. blacks and Hispanics migrated from southern states to northern cities in search of work
ii. many reasons were given for why the minority population had exploded
a. one side felt that the new migrants were victims of their own habits
- that their work habits, values, and family structures were brought w/ them from their rural homes were not adapted to urban living
b. others feel that the inner city itself, the poverty, lack of schools, crime, and violence, had made it harder for individuals to advance
c. another side argue that a decline in blue-collar jobs, inadequate support for minority schools, and advancement barriers rooted from racism were to blame for inner city poverty
- the prewar jobs that were available to the masses were no longer needed in the new automated postwar era
B. Urban Renewal tore down over 400,000 buildings and relocated 1.5 mil people after WWII
i. urban renewal for the most part helped many people living in dilapidated areas
C. Results of inner city poverty
i. juvenile crime
a. one book, One Million Delinquents, called juvenile crime a national epidemic
b. juvenile delinquents were kids who felt they had no where to go and no place in society

I. �What Was Good For�General Motors�
A. Business Leaders� New Outlook
i. Eisenhower filled his cabinet w/ business leaders who had come to terms w/ the broad outlines of the Keynesian welfare state the new deal had launched
a. they believed it benefited them by helping maintain social order, by increasing mass purchasing power, and by stabilizing labor relations
b. Eisenhower appointed president of General Motors, Charles Wilson, who told senators considering his bid for secretary of defense, �what was good for GM was good for America�
B. Eisenhower�s changes
i. he supported the private rather than public development of natural resources
a. he lowered fed. support for farmers
b. he removed the last limited wage and price controls of the Truman admin.
c. he opposed new social service programs like national health insurance
d. he strove constantly to reduce fed. expenditures
e. he ended up in 1960, w/ a $1 bil budget surplus

I. France, America, and Vietnam
A. July. 27, 1953, was w/ Korea ends
i. a conference in Geneva was to produce a way to reunite the country peacefully but it accomplished nothing
ii. simultaneously in 1945, France was attempting restore authority over Vietnam while Ho Chi Minh was reaching for national independence
a. Ho hoped the US would aid his side of the matter, but in the end, Ho was a communist and the US supported France
B. Dien Bien Phu
i. by 1954, Ho received help from the SU and communist china while America funded France
ii. in early 1954, 12,000 French troops were sieged at the village of Dien Bien Phu
a. w/ out America�s help, the French army would be obliterated
b. but Eisenhower said no despite the urgings of Dulles, Nixon and others
iii. the French defense collapsed May 7, 1954 and settled the conflict at the Geneva conference that summer during the Korean settlement
a. the Geneva Accords, which the US was not a part of, provided a temporary division of Korea along the 17th parallel, the north governed by Ho Chi Minh, the south by a pro-western regime
b. the democratic elections of 1956 would be the basis for reuniting the country
C. Ngo Dinh Diem
i. the US established a pro-American government in the south headed by Ngo Dinh Diem, a roman-catholic minority who refused to hold elections in 1956 b/c he knew he would lose
- he felt secure in his refusal b/c he knew the US would provide military support in case of a northern attack

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