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Date Posted: 17:14:09 05/28/07 Mon
Author: Fernanda Gabriela
Subject: Task 3- Fernanda Gabriela


Acquisition processes


Do you study a foreign language? Have you ever thought about how you acquire it? It is claimed that learning is not a mirror image of learning, learners do not know a particular structure all of a sudden, and acquiring a language not only takes time but also has some complex processes behind it. Therefore, it is stated that the learning processes happen in five different stages, the fist one is input, then we have intake, acquisition, access, and finally output.
The first stage, input, happens when the languages sources are used in the learning process, for instance, both textbooks and teacher-made materials and also authentic materials, such as videos, songs, newspapers. It can be defined as the material that the students are exposed to learn the language.
Then, after that, we have the second stage, intake. According to Van Patten (1993), intake is “the subset of the input that is comprehended and attended to in some way. It contains the linguistic ‘data’ that are available for acquisition.” However, not all items pass from input to intake because of some facts such as: the complexity of the material, its saliency, frequency (how long the student is exposed to the material) and need, that is, whether the item fulfill the communicative need or not.
The third stage is acquisition, it happens when the learner are able to recognize differences between forms. Besides, the acquisition is the pat of the process that the learner unconsciously discovers rules and not only makes hypotheses about the target language but also tests them out.
After acquisition, there is the fourth stage: access. Jack C. Richards states that access refers to the learner’s ability to draw upon his or her interlanguage system during communication. The acquired system affects the access; thus, the context in which the learner will use the language, the target that he or she was successful, will be easier to use than the other that they were not. Finally, there is the last stage of the learning process: output. Output happens when the learner is able to use the language actively, resulting in the production of the language.
To sum up, the acquisition process has many different parts, as Skehan (1996, p.19) has stated: “The notion of learning is, then, a very complex one. It is certainly not a smooth progression”. Furthermore, to make easier to people understand the process it was given a name and divided into five stages: input, intake, acquisition, access and output.

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