Re: Task One Group Three -- EnglishtextsM

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Date Posted: 14:04:10 04/14/07 Sat
Author: ^S�nia Nagy varga P.Gon�alves
Subject: Re: Task One Group Three
In reply to: Filomeno Issenguel 's message, "Re: Task One Group Three" on 05:43:54 04/11/07 Wed

>UFMG
>Faculdade de Letras
>Disciplina: Ingl�s � Produ��o de Textos
>Professor: Adriana Maria Tenuta de Azevedo
>Aluno: Filomeno Issenguel
>
>
>Step 1
>Narrow
>
>Brazilian Language
>
>�The evolution of Brazilian Portuguese has certainly
>been influenced by the languages it supplanted: first
>the Amerind tongues of the natives, then the various
>African languages brought by the slaves, and finally
>the speeches of the European and Asian immigrants. The
>influence is clearly detected in the Brazilian
>Portuguese lexicon, which today is full of words of
>Tupi-guarani, Yorub� origin, among others.�( rel=nofollow target=_blank >rel=nofollow target=_blank
>href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Portuguese
>)">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Portuguese) >a>
>
>
>In Brazil, people speak a dialect of the Portuguese
>language. About 188 million inhabitants of Brazil and
>a couple million Brazilian immigrants, mainly in
>United States, Portugal, Canada, Japan and Paraguay
>are able to speak the dialect. Although, the dialect
>has many similarities with Portuguese, Brazilian/(Sp) are
>not considered speakers of Portuguese.
>
>The differences between Portuguese from Portugal and
>Brazilian Portuguese are approximately comparable to
>British and American English, although some claim they
>are much greater especially considering the
>differences in Brazilian and Portuguese grammar. The
>Brazilian formal written standard, which is defined by
>law and by international agreements with other
>Portuguese-speaking countries, is very similar to the
>European one; but there are nevertheless many
>differences in spelling, lexicon and grammar.
>
>The Brazilian spellings of certain words differ from
>those used in Portugal and the other
>Portuguese-speaking countries. Some of these
>differences are merely orthographical, but others
>reflect true differences in pronunciation.
>A major subset of the differences relates to words
>with c and p followed by c, � or t. In many cases, the
>letters c or p have become silent in all varieties of
>Portuguese, a common phonetic change in Romance
>languages (cf. Spanish objeto, French objet).
>Accordingly, they stopped being written down in BP,
>but are still written in other countries. For example,
>we have EP ac��o / BP a��o ("action"), EP �ptimo / BP
>�timo ("optimum"), and so on, where the consonant is
>silent both in BP and in EP, but the words are spelled
>differently. Only in a small number of words is the
>consonant silent in Brazil and pronounced elsewhere,
>or vice-versa.
>
>However/(P-Comma) BP has retained those "silent" consonants in a
>few cases, such as detectar ("to detect"). In
>particular, BP generally distinguishes in sound and
>writing between sec��o ("section" as in anatomy or
>drafting) and se��o ("section" of an organization);
>whereas EP uses sec��o for both senses.
>Another major set of differences is the BP usage of �
>or � in many words where EP has � or �, such as BP
>neur�nio / EP neur�nio ("neuron") and BP ars�nio / EP
>ars�nio. These spelling differences are due to
>genuinely different pronunciations. In EP, the vowels
>e and o may be open (� or �) or closed (� or �) when
>they are stressed before one of the nasal consonants
>m, n followed by a vowel, but in BP they are always
>close in this environment. The variant spellings are
>necessary in those cases because the general
>Portuguese spelling rules mandate a stress diacritic
>in those words, and the Portuguese diacritics also
>encode vowel quality.
>
>The vocabularies of Brazilian and European Portuguese
>also differ in a couple of thousand words, many of
>which refer to concepts that were introduced
>separately in BP and EP.
>
>Since the Brazilian independence in 1822, BP has
>tended to borrow words from English and French.
>However, BP generally adopts foreign words with
>minimal adjustments, while EP tends to apply deeper
>morphological changes. However, there are instances of
>BP transliterating English words, whereas EP retains
>the original form - hence estoque and stock. Finally,
>one dialect often borrowed a word while the other
>coined a new one from native elements. So one has, for
>example (P-collon)
>�BP mouse ← English "mouse" versus EP rato
>← literal translation of "mouse" in Portugal,(V-it)
>but means "rat" in Brazil
>BP esporte (alternatives: desporto, desporte) ←
>English "sport" versus EP desporto ← Spanish
>deporte
>BP jaqueta ← English "jacket" versus EP blus�o
>← EP blusa ← French blouse
>BP concreto ← English "concrete" versus EP bet�o
>← French beton
>BP grampeador ("stapler") ← grampo ←
>German Krampe versus EP agrafador ← agrafo
>← French agrafe.�
>"A few other examples are given in the following table:
>Brazil Portugal English / Why not England?
>Abridor de latas abre-latas can opener
>AIDS SIDA AIDS
>Breque, freio Trav�o, freio Brake
>Time, equipe equipa, equipe Team
>Favela bairro de lata slum quarters
>Ferrovia caminho de ferro Railway
>Fila bicha, fila line (US), queue (UK)
>Fones de ouvido Auscultadores,auriculares, fones
>Headphones
>Secret�ria eletr�nica Atendedor de chamadas answering
>machine
>Trem Comboio Train
>
>Some words, which are often mistakenly given as
>examples of dialectal lexical differences, actually do
>not denote the same concepts. For example: "abacaxi"
>and "anan�s" designate two different kinds of
>pineapple; "grama" often refers to any kind of grass
>in a garden or urban area whereas "relva" or "relvado"
>refers to natural grass of forests, etc.
>
>The Portuguese language makes extensive use of verbs
>in the progressive tense, almost as in English. BP
>seldom has the present continuous construct estar a +
>infinitive, which, in contrast, has become quite
>common in EP. In BP, the present continuous must be
>expressed by estar + gerund. Thus (P-comma)Brazilians will
>always write ela est� dan�ando ("she is dancing"),
>never ela est� a dan�ar. The same restriction applies
>to several other uses of the gerund: BP always writes
>ficamos conversando ("we kept on talking") and ele
>trabalha cantando ("he sings while he works"), never
>ficamos a conversar and ele trabalha a cantar as is
>the case in most varieties of EP.
>It must be noted, however, that BP retains the
>combination a + infinitive for uses that are not
>related to continued action, such as( P-Comma) voltamos a correr
>("we went back to running"), and that some dialects of
>EP will also tend to use estar + gerund in the same
>way as Brazilians.
>
>
> Bibliography
>� Azevedo, Milton. 2005. "Portuguese. A linguistic
>introduction". Cambridge University Press.
>� Bagno, Marcos. "Portugu�s ou Brasileiro? (Portuguese
>or Brazilian?)" >href="http://paginas.terra.com.br/educacao/marcosbagno/
>">http://paginas.terra.com.br/educacao/marcosbagno/
>
>� M�dolo, Marcelo. "As duas l�nguas do Brasil. (Two
>languages of Brazil)" Editora FAUUSP.
>� Perini, M�rio. 2002. "Modern Portuguese. A Reference
>Grammar." Yale University Press. New Haven.
>
>References
> >href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Portuguese
>">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Portuguese
> >href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page">http://en
>.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

The Issenguel's text seems to have no conclusion and I think that his developmental paragraph has no connection whit the thesis statement he presented, which is " although, the dialect has many similarities with Portuguese, Brazilian are not considered speakers of Portuguese. The only thing he mentioned was the differences between BP and EP. At he end of it, there is any signal that he concluded his narration.

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