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Date Posted: 13:34:51 03/13/02 Wed
Author: lynette
Subject: i don't have a lot guys - sorry - this is what i have of ch 17

Chapter Seventeen Outline

I. “Cotton is King!”
a. Whitney’s cotton gin in 1793 – dominant southern group, short-staple
b. Cotton Kingdom – huge agricultural factory, quick profits drew planters
c. Northern shippers profited – trade w/ England, buy needed good for sale
d. After 1840 – ½ of American exports = cotton
e. South produced more than ½ of world’s cotton
f. Britain leading industry – most impt manufacture – cotton cloth
g. South convinced of power of cotton, nations dependent
II. The Planter “Aristocracy”
a. Southern oligarchy – government by few rich people
b. Best schools & education, obligation to public
c. Favored aristocracy gov’t – undemocratic, bigger gap b/w rich & poor, hampered public education
d. Sir Walter Scott – favorite author among South, similar to their aristocracy
e. Mark Twain accused Scott of starting Civil War – bringing to life medieval times of Europe to South aristocracy
f. Almost no slaveholding women were abolitionists
III. Slaves of the Slave System
a. Plantation agriculture wasteful – cotton despoiled land – population moving West & Northwest
b. South economy monopolistic – small farms sold to plantation owners
c. Financially unstable – plantation system
d. Overspeculation in land & slaves – debt (slaves represented capital, deliberately injure or run away)
e. Dangerous dependence on cotton – discouraged diversity of crops
f. South resented North’s profit & their own dependence on North
g. Cotton Kingdom repelled European immigration – most Anglo-Saxon section in America
IV. The White Majority
a. Only ¼ white southerners owned slaves or were part of slaveholding family
b. Smaller slaveowners made up majority of masters – small farmers mostly
c. Resembled Northern farmers except for slaves – worked side by side w/ slaves
d. ¾ southern white population didn’t own slaves by 1860 – simple living
e. Whites w/o slaves no direct stake in slavery – stout defenders of slave system b/c their dreams of having enough land to have slaves
f. Fierce pride in racial superiority – whites as bad as or worse than slaves
g. Mountain whites – spartan frontier conditions, living ancestry – hated planters & slaves
h. Mountain whites held vitally impt part of Union – played role in crippling Confederacy
V. Free Blacks: Slaves Without Masters
a. 250,000 by 1860 in South – upper South from Revolutionary days idealism, deeper South mulattoes usually emancipated children
b. Many free blacks – property holders, some owned slaves
c. Free blacks in South – “third race” – prohibited from certain occupations, forbidden from testifying against whites in court, vulnerable to being highjacked back into slavery, resented & detested by protectors of slave system
d. 250,000 in North – unpopular, some states forbade entrance, most denied right to vote, some barred from public schools
e. Especially hated by Irish immigrants – competition for jobs
f. Frederick Douglass – mobbed & beaten several times by northern rowdies
g. South hated race, liked individuals – North liked race, hated individuals
VI. Plantation Slavery
a. 4 million slaves in South in 1860 – quadruples since 1800
b. Thousands blacks smuggled in against law of 1808
c. One slave trader executed – N.P. Gordon in NY in 1862
d. Increase in slave population – natural reproduction, distinguished America from other societies
e. Planters regarded slaves as investments – nearly $2 billion by 1860
f. Slaves primary form of wealth – sometimes spared dangerous work
g. Hobbled economic development of region – cotton sucked more slaves to lower South
h. Slave auctions – families separated, one of most revolting practices of slavery

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