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Date Posted: 13:36:26 03/13/02 Wed
Author: lynette
Subject: this is what i've got from ch 20

F. The Electoral Fruits of 1856
a) Buchanan won election
b) Fremont lost b/c of doubts of honesty, capacity, & judgement – North afraid election of sectional Republican would force secession
c) Republicans claimed “victorious defeat’ – new party impressive against Democrats
G. The Dred Scott Bombshell
a) Dred Scott sued for freedom on basis of long residence on free soil in IL & WS Territory
b) Supreme Court ruling stated that Scott was not a citizen & couldn’t sue in federal courts
c) Majority continued case under Chief Justice Taney from MD (slave state)
d) Court decreed b/c slave was private property – taken into any territory & legally held there in slavery
e) Court ruled Compromise of 1820 was unconstitutional – Congress didn’t have power to ban slavery in territory, no matter what popular sovereignty held
f) North & Free-Soilers infuriated by Scott decision
g) South & slaveholders – upset by North ignoring Court decision, waiting for Civil War
H. The Financial Crash of 1857
a) CA gold inflated currency, Crimean War demands overstimulated grain growth, speculation ripped economic fabric
b) North hit hardest, South had good cotton prices abroad – unaffected mostly
c) Panic conditions convinced South cotton was king & economy stronger than North’s
d) North pushed for free farms of 160 acres from public domain – people argued land should be given to pioneers for their risk to get to it
e) Eastern industrialists – against free land, underpaid workers leave them
f) South – opposed, gang-labor slavery couldn’t do well on 160 acres
g) Free farms would fill up territories quickly w/ free-soilers, tip political balance
h) 1860 Congress passed homestead act – public lands for 25 cents/acre
i) Vetoed by Buchanan
j) Tariff of 1857 – reduced duties to about 20% - before panic
k) North blamed financial problems on Tariff
I. An Illinois Rail-Splitter Emerges
a) 1858 IL senatorial election – Abraham Lincoln vs. Stephen Douglas
b) Lincoln – born in KY, 1809, frontier school for year, self-educated, reader, wrestler, weight lifter, splitter of logs, storyteller, fits of melancholia
c) Married above himself, temperamental & high-strung wife, better-known trial lawyer in IL, “Honest Abe” – refused cases he couldn’t defend
d) Republican – one of foremost politicians & orators of Northwest
J. The Great Debate: Lincoln versus Douglas
a) Lincoln challenged Douglas to series of debates – 7 from August to October
b) Lincoln relied on logic, Douglas skilled orator
c) Most famous – Freepoint, IL – Lincoln asked, “If people voted slavery down,
Supreme Court says they cannot. Who’d prevail?”
d) Douglas “No matter how Supreme Court ruled, slavery would stay down if people voted it so.”
e) Douglas defeated Lincoln, loyal to popular sovereignty, Honest Abe won morally
f) Lincoln had limelight as one of most prominent Northern politician, potential Republican nominee for Pres.
K. John Brown: Murderer or Martyr?
a) Scheme to invade South w/ few followers, incite rebellion, give them arms, establish free black state as sanctuary
b) Harpers Ferry – seized federal arsenal in October 1859 – killed 7 innocent people, injured ten – slaves did not rise, Brown wounded, his party captured
c) Trial – convicted of murder & treason – insanity supported by 17 friends & relatives (13 family members insane)
d) Brown dignified during trial, last words “This IS a beautiful country” – became martyr to abolitionist cause
e) South – how could they stay w/ North who’d send men to “Brown” them?
f) Abolitionists, free-soilers outraged by Brown’s execution – meant more in death than in life

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