Date Posted:17:21:52 04/24/02 Wed Author: lynette Subject: #66-89 ALL DONE - I FILLED IN THE BLANKS - SORRY IT'S LATE
Consumer Culture –
Peace Corps – JFK’s invention, army of idealistic & mostly youthful volunteers to bring American skills to underdeveloped countries
Berlin Wall – August 1961, USSR built it, post WWII division of Europe into 2 hostile camps
Bay of Pigs – April 1961, 1200 exiles back to Cuba to revolt, defeated by Castro’s Air Force, no popular uprising, JFK took full responsibility, exiled ransomed for $62 million worth of US drugs & supplies
Missile crisis – October 1962, RS installed missiles in Cuba, US had naval quarantine of Cuba, any attack on US would trigger attack on RS heartland, October 28th compromise, US end quarantine & not invade & take some missiles from Turkey, RS would pull back
Freedom Riders – started in ’60, to end segregation in facilities serving interstate bus passengers, civil rights movement, protected by federal marshals
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution – Aug 64 NV fired upon US destroyers, LBJ forced resolution, it gave pres blank check for force in Southeast Asia
Office of Economic Opportunity – doubled to $2 billion, given to students & parochial institutions, Congress’s goals to redevelop Appalachia & to aid elementary and secondary education
Medicare – created in 65 to protect elderly from high medical costs
Civil Rights Act of 1964 – gov’t got more muscle to enforce desegregation, prohibited racial discrimination
Civil Rights Act of 1965 – outlawed literacy tests & sent federal voter registrars into southern states
Pueblo – NK seized US intelligence ship in January 68, antiwar demonstrations & feeling grew
George Wallace – carried ticket of the American Independent party in ‘68, former governor of Alabama, pro-segregation, pro-bombing-North-Vietnam-back-into-the-Stone-Age
Free Speech Movement –
Counter culture/hippie/New Left – divided 2 distinct eras, launched in youthful idealism, many reform movements died in violence & cynicism, peaceful civil rights demonstrations became urban riots, innocent experiments w/ drugs killed or injured many, left many disillusioned, upheaval of Roman Catholic Church & authority, Allen Ginsberg & Jack Kerouac & Rebel Without a Cause expressed frustration of many
Guns & butter –
Nixon Doctrine – proclaimed US would honor existing defense commitments, in future Asians & others would fight their own wars w/ support of large bodies of US ground troops, wanted to win war w/o killing more Americans
Kent State/Jackson State – demonstrations went wrong, authorities fired into the crowd, killed 6 total, wounded many
Pentagon Papers – top-secret Pentagon study of US involvement in Vietnam War, leaked to Times by Daniel Ellsberg, showed mistakes of JFK & LBJ, antiwar feeling grew
SALT – Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, pact or agreement, freeze numbers of long-range nuclear missiles for 5 years, constituted first step toward slowing arms race, uS cont’d w/ development of MIRVs
Grain deal trip to China – product of détente [relaxed tensions] w/ Russia, 1972 agreement, 3 year arrangement by which US would sell Russians at least $750 million worth of wheat & corn & other cereals
Gideon – 1963 Supreme Court case, all defendants in serious criminal cases entitled to legal counsel even if they’re too poor to afford it
Escobedo (64) – ensured right of the accused to remain silent
Miranda (66) - enjoy other protections when accused of crime
Roe v. Wade – 1973, legalized abortion
EPA – created in 1970, resolution of 20 years of concern for environment that started w/ Air Pollution Control Office in 1950
Rachel Carson – wrote Silent Spring, muckraker, exposed truth about pesticides, 1962
Clean Air Act – 1970
Clean Water Act – 1972
Southern strategy – Nixon’s strategy to achieve majority in 1972, appeal to white voters by soft-pedaling civil rights, opposing school busing to achieve racial balance
Watergate – June 17th of 72, burglary in Democratic headquarters located in apartment-office complex of Watergate in Washington, 5 men arrested inside w/ electronic “bugging” equipment, worked for CREEP which had raised tens of millions secretly or unethically or unlawfully, also had campaign of sabotage & espionage, number of WH aids & advisors forced to resign, criminal obstruction of justice through cover-ups or hush money, 1974 29 people indicted or convicted or pleaded guilty – FBI & CIA & IRS used by Nixon’s aides to influence others, WH “enemies list” including innocent citizens, authorized burglary Ellsberg’s psych records to convict him for his “leak,” July 1973 former pres aide reported “bugging” installed under Nixon’s authority, convos had been recorded on tape – Nixon refused to produce taped evidence, eventually resigned
War Powers Act – November 1973, passed over Nixon’s veto, required pres to report to Congress w/I 48 hours after committing troops to foreign conflict or enlarged US combat units in foreign country, limited authorization would end in 60 days unless Congress extended it 30 more
Oil Embargo – October 1973, Arab nations on US & other Israel-supporting countries, US suffered through long winter, lines at stations lengthened, business recession deepened, national speed limit of 55mph, oil pipeline in Alaska, embargo lifted in March 1974
WIN – Whip Inflation Now program launched by Ford, failed to get off ground, inflation dropped from 12 to 5% but was only short-term
Helsinki Accords – one group officially wrote end to WWII by legitimizing USSR boundaries of Poland & other East Euro countries, Soviet agreements guaranteed more liberal exchanges of people & info b/w East & West & protection of basic human rights, helped kindle small movements in E Euro & RS, USSR soon went back on agreement, US felt it was a giver but no receiver cos no one else was a giver
