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Date Posted: 07:29:43 12/01/02 Sun
Author: Vitaliy
Subject: Re: Ïðî ºâðå¿â, ãåáðå¿â, þäå¿â, ³óäå¿â, æèä³â òà ò.ï.
In reply to: Òðåéòÿê 's message, "Re: Ïðî ºâðå¿â, ãåáðå¿â, þäå¿â, ³óäå¿â, æèä³â òà ò.ï." on 09:51:58 11/30/02 Sat

Îò ÿê âèçíà÷àâ ñëîâî "ºâðå¿" Óí³âåðñàëüíèé ñëîâíèê åíöèêëîïåä³ÿ (http://www.use-online.com.ua/index.php3?ac=showkeyword&id_keyword=7229).

ºâðå¿(ñòàðîóêð. åòíîí³ì, âæèâàíèé ó íàðîäí³é òà ë³òåðàòóðí³é ìîâ³ äî ê³í. XIX ñò. -æèäè), ñåì³òñüêèé íàðîä, ç ÕIII ñò. äî í.å. äî I ñò. í.å. ïðîæèâàâ íà òåðèòî𳿠Ïàëåñòèíè; îï³ñëÿ ðîçïîðîøåíèé íà Áëèçüêîìó Ñõ., ó Ïí. Àôðèö³, ªâðîï³, à ï³çí³øå òàêîæ â Àìåðèö³; ó ä³àñïîð³ ðîçïàâñÿ íà áàãàòî åòí³÷íî-êóëüòóðíèõ ãðóï (àøêåíàç³, ñåôàðäè, ñõ. º.) ç îêðåìèìè ìîâàìè ³ ä³àëåêòàìè (¿äèø, ëàäèíî òà ³í.), àëå ñï³ëüíîþ ðåë³ã³ºþ (þäà¿çì); ó ñåðåäí³ â³êè º. îáìåæóâàëè ó ïðàâàõ (ãåòî) ³ â³äïðàâëÿëè íà âèãíàííÿ; âîíè øóêàëè ïðèòóëêó (â ò.÷. ó Ðå÷³ Ïîñïîëèò³é); ó ÕIX-ÕÕ ñò. ïîðÿä ³ç òðàäèö³îíàë³ñòè÷íèìè áóëè ãðóïè, ÿê³ ïðàãíóëè àñèì³ëþâàòèñü ³, íàâïàêè, â³äðîäèòè íàö³îíàëüí³ çâ'ÿçêè é óòâîðèòè âëàñíó äåðæàâó (ñ³îí³çì); ï³ä ÷àñ II Ñâ³òîâî¿ â³éíè í³ìö³ ó ͳìå÷÷èí³ òà íà îêóïîâàíèõ òåðèòîð³ÿõ çíèùèëè áë. 6 ìëí. º.; òåïåð íà ñâ³ò³ æèâóòü áë. 14 ìëí. º., ó ò.÷. 4,3 ìëí. - ó äåðæàâ³ ²çðà¿ëü; ìîâà ³âðèò.

Ùå îäíà öèòàòà ç http://www.svaroh.alfacom.net/svarohs/sv-list/juda8.html

2. ×îìó Âàø æóðíàë âæèâຠñëîâî “æèä” çàì³ñòü çàãàëüíîïðèéíÿòîãî ºâðåé? Õ³áà öå íå º îáðàçîþ ºâðåéñüêîãî íàðîäó?(Æàííà ̳ëºâñüêà, ì. ³ííèöÿ).

³äïîâ³äü ðåäàêö³¿
1. Ñëîâî ºâðåé óòâîðåíå ç äàâíüîãî ãåáðåé, ùî îçíà÷ຠ“ïîòîéá³÷íèé”; òàê íàçèâàëè æèä³â ìåøêàíö³ Õàíààíó, êîëè ò³ ïðèéøëè íà ¿õí³ Ïàëåñòèíñüê³ çåìë³ ç “òîãî áîêó” ªâôðàòó. Ãåáðåéñüêå æ ñëîâî ebra îçíà÷ຠãí³â, ëþòü.
2. Ñëîâîì æèä íàçèâàëè öåé íàðîä ç äàâí³õ äàâåí óñ³ ñëîâ'ÿíñüê³ íàðîäè: ñòàðîñëîâ'ÿíñüêå æèäèíú, æèäîâèíú; áîëãàðñüêå - æèä; äàâíüîðóñüêå - æèä, æèäîâèí, æèäèí; ïîëüñüêå - zyd; ÷åñüêå, ñëîâàöüêå, âåðõíüîëóæèöüêå, ñëîâåíñüêå - zid; ñåðáîõîðâàòñüêå - æèäîâ.
3. Òàêà æ òðàäèö³ÿ íàçèâàííÿ ¿õ ó ðîìàíî-ãåðìàíñüêèõ íàðîä³â: àíãë³éñüêå Jew [dçu:] - (äæó:), í³ìåöüêå Jude (ïîõ³äíå â³ä þäåé, ³óäåé - ñïîâ³äíèê þäåéñüêî¿ â³ðè).
4. Âñ³ ö³ íàðîäè çàïîçè÷èëè öþ íàçâó ç ëàòèíñüêîãî judaeus - ³óäåé, ÿêå ïîõîäèòü â³ä îñîáîâîãî ãåáðåéñüêîãî ³ìåí³ ²óäà, ùî áóêâàëüíî îçíà÷àëî “ñëàâíèé, õâàëåíèé”. Þäà¿çì - ïåðâ³ñíî ðåë³ã³ÿ ñåì³òñüêîãî ïëåìåí³ ²óäè â áîãà ßãâå. Íèí³ þäà¿çì - äåðæàâíà ðåë³ã³ÿ ²çðà¿ëþ.
5. Ñàìîíàçâà æèä³â çâó÷èòü ÿê éºãóäèì, ùî òàêîæ º ïîõ³äíèì â³ä ²óäè, ³ îçíà÷ຠíàëåæí³ñòü äî ³óäåéñüêî¿ (þäåéñüêî¿) ðåë³ã³¿. Òàê âîíè íàçèâàþòü ñåáå ñàì³.
6. Òî ÷îìó æ ìè ìàºìî â³äìîâëÿòèñÿ â³ä òðàäèö³éíîãî óêðà¿íñüêîãî ñëîâà, ÿêå âæèâàëè êëàñèêè íàøî¿ ë³òåðàòóðè Ò.Øåâ÷åíêî, ². Ôðàíêî òà ³í.? Íåâæå æèäàì ïðèºìí³øå íàçèâàòèñÿ “ïîòîéá³÷íèìè” ÷è “ëþòèìè”?
7. Ïðî öå ÷èòàéòå: Åòèìîëîã³÷íèé ñëîâíèê óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ìîâè.- ò.1, ñò.177, 196; à òàêîæ Åòí³÷íèé äîâ³äíèê.- Ê., 1996, ñò. 44.

Íà æàëü â óêðà¿íñüêìîâíîìó ³íòåðíåò³ íå òàê áàãàòî ö³êàâèõ ðå÷åé íà òåìè ºâðå¿-æèäè. Äåùî á³ëüøå ³íôîðìàö³¿ â ðîñ³éñüêìîâíîìó ³íòåðíåò³ (äèâ. íàïðèêëàä http://www.vestnik.com/forum/win/forum33/akselrod.htm), îäíàê òàì ïåðåâàæຠòàìà ïðî â³äì³ííîñò³ ïîì³æ æèäàìè òà ºâðåÿìè.

ϳñëÿ òàêî¿ âñòóïíî¿ ÷àñòèíè äåê³ëüêà ñë³â ïðî íàøó ðîçìîâó.

1. Êîëè ïîâ³äîìëåííÿ ðîçïîðîøóºòüñÿ (ðîçä³ëÿòüñÿ, ðîçðèâàºòüñÿ)òà ïî÷èíàþòüñÿ êîìåíòàð³ îêðåìèõ ðå÷åíü, ïàðàãðàô³â òà ÷àñòèíè, òî âòðà÷àºòüñÿ çàãàëüíà òåìàòèêà ðîçìîâè. Çàì³ñòü îïèñó (ïîâíîãî òà áàãàòîñòîðîííüîãî) âèíèêຠáàãàòî ð³çíîìàí³òíèõ òåì ìàëî ïîâ'ÿçàíèõ ì³æ ñîáîþ.

2. Âè ñòî¿òå íà ïîçèö³ÿõ ïðèïèñîâî¿ ë³íãâ³ñòèêè. Òàêà ïîçèö³ÿ ìîæå çàâàäèòè ñïðèéíÿòòþ ðå÷åé ÿê³ ââàæàþòüñÿ íåäîïóñòèìèìè. Íàïðèêëàä, òâåðäæåííÿ ïðî ºäèíó íàçâó ºâðå¿-æèäè-þäå¿ ìîãëî ñïîê³éíî ñïðèéìàòèñÿ 300-à ðîê³â òîìó. Çàðàç ìîæíà âïåâíåíî ãîâîðèòè ïðî ºâðå¿â, ïðî æèä³â òà ïðî ³óäå¿â.  êîæíîìó êîíêðåòíîìó âèïàäêó íåîáõ³äíî ÷³òêî âèçíà÷èòè ïðî êîãî ñàìå éäå ìîâà. ßêùî òàêîãî âèçíà÷åííÿ íåìàº, òî ñëîâî ãåáðå¿ ÷óäîâî ï³äõîäèòü. Íàéãîëîâí³øå - âîíî íå ìຠòîãî çíàêîâîãî çíà÷åííÿ ÿêèì ïåðåïîâíåí³ ³íø³ ñëîâà.

3. Ùå òðîõè ïðî ³ñòîð³þ. ªâðå¿ ïîïàëè äî ªâðîïè äâîìà øëÿõàìè (÷åðåç Ôðàíö³þ - Ìàññàë³þ, òà ÷åðåç Ãðåö³þ). гçí³ ÷àñòèíè Óêðà¿íè êîíòàêòóâàëè ÿê ç ³çàíò³ºþ, òàê ³ ç Ðèìîì. Á³áë³ÿ âïåðøå áóëà ïåðåêëàäåíà ç ñòàðîãðåöüêî¿ ìîâè. Ðóñü êîíòàêòóâàëà ç Õîçàð³ºþ äå þäà³çì áóâ âèçíàíèé äåðæàâíîþ ðåë³ã³ºþ â âîñüìîìó ñòîë³òò³ í.å. ×è íå çàáàãàòî âïëèâ³â?

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