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Date Posted: 22:30:58 11/19/00 Sun
Author: 馮志弘
Subject: 補充第一組導修(趙、張)評語。

一.《小二黑》是眾多導修篇章中唯一一篇可以用中國共產黨術語分
析的文章--因為趙樹理明顯用了毛澤東在文藝講話的「文學指標」為創作標準。

二.導修組在分析《小二黑》的典型化分類問題上做得很不錯。可以補充的:小說典型化所引伸的問題是:

a.典型人物
b.典型環境
c.典型情節

  我想我們可以再從這裡加以發揮。

三.須特別注意趙樹理的語言問題。趙說:「我的文章大都是農民的話,因為我是想寫給農民看的。寫作要看對象,要看寫給誰看。要寫給農民看,就要寫農民的話,群眾不懂,就換幾個字。上過學校的,學過漢語,知道詞語是一個一個的。農民就不一定懂得這些。」

四.同學討論的時候談到《第一》的奸惡問題。導修組同學引用了「小奸小惡」的說法來回應,很能切中要害。斷章取義,曲取《罪與罰》中的總觀念:「沒有惡是必然的」(「惡」字原作「罪」),說明我對這篇小說的看法。

五.同學討論的時候談到「被命運安排」的說法。我想「命運」這個詞彙在這裡實在不好理解。它的意思可以是:

1.命中注定
2.際遇

  討論的時候就得比較小心。說點題外話,新儒家有所謂「命運」
和「運命」二說:

命運:被註定的一切,如性別、出生年代等;
運命:運行這個生命的方式,是自主的。

聊作參考。

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